PunnagavaraliOne note apart
- Punnagavarali uses Panchamam, which Shuddha Todi avoids.
- Mood: Shuddha Todi leans varied, Punnagavarali leans karuna.
Carnatic raga
Shuddha Todi
A janya (derived) raga of melakarta 8 Hanumatodi. It takes its notes from that parent scale, using the ascent and descent shown here.
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- Melakarta
- 8 Hanumatodi (janya)
- Jati
- Shadava–Shadava
- Notes
- 6 of 12
- Movement
- Krama (straight)
- Time
- Any time
- Rasa
- Varied
Your guide to Shuddha Todi
New to classical music — moods, stories, film songs and simple listening.
Start listening
Press play to hear the notes of Shuddha Todi, rising then falling.
Its mood
Varied. Traditionally heard at any time.
Film songs you may know ↓New to classical music?
Shuddha Todi, explained simply
Think of a raga as more than a scale: a set of rules and a personality. Shuddha Todi has its own notes, its own favourite phrases, its own time of day and its own mood, the way a person has a recognisable voice and way of talking.
How it feels
Shuddha Todi sounds dark, deep and inward, full of the lowered (komal) notes that make music sound serious or sad. Its emotional colour is a character all its own. Traditionally it can be performed at any hour, because Indian musicians believe each raga matches the feeling of a certain hour or season.
How to recognise it
- Listen for the gaps. Shuddha Todi never uses Pa, so the melody seems to skip over certain steps. This "missing note" sound is one of the quickest giveaways.
- It uses komal (flat) Re, the note just above the home note. Sliding off Sa onto this very close note creates tension right at the start of phrases.
- Hum the scale along with the play button above a few times. Once the shape of those notes is in your ear, you'll start spotting it in songs and concerts.
Its beauty
A janya (derived) raga of melakarta 8 Hanumatodi. It takes its notes from that parent scale, using the ascent and descent shown here. The beauty of Shuddha Todi comes from patience: a good performer doesn't rush through the scale but lingers, bending into notes and letting each phrase breathe, so the mood builds slowly until it fills the room.
What makes it different
- In Carnatic music, notes are rarely held still. They wobble, slide and bend (called gamakas), and those shakes are as much a part of the raga's identity as the notes themselves.
Listening exercise: Try this: press "Full scale" above, then open one of the recordings below. In the first few minutes, see if you can hear the missing Pa. Once you catch it, you've started to recognise Shuddha Todi.
History & evolution
Shuddha Todi is a janya (derived) raga, drawing its notes from its parent melakarta. Janya ragas often existed long before the melakarta system and were later fitted into it.
The Carnatic Trinity of the 18th–19th centuries (Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri) gave lasting shape to most popular ragas through their compositions. Their kritis remain the standard reference for how each raga should move.
Looking for more history…
Scale
Arohana (ascent) · 6 notes
S R1 G2 M1 D1 N2 S'
- Devanagari
- स रि₁ ग₂ म₁ ध₁ नि₂ स•
- Tamil
- ஸ ரி₁ க₂ ம₁ த₁ நி₂ ஸ•
- Telugu
- స రి₁ గ₂ మ₁ ద₁ ని₂ స•
- Kannada
- ಸ ರಿ₁ ಗ₂ ಮ₁ ದ₁ ನಿ₂ ಸ•
Avarohana (descent) · 6 notes
S' N2 D1 M1 G2 R1 S
- Devanagari
- स• नि₂ ध₁ म₁ ग₂ रि₁ स
- Tamil
- ஸ• நி₂ த₁ ம₁ க₂ ரி₁ ஸ
- Telugu
- స• ని₂ ద₁ మ₁ గ₂ రి₁ స
- Kannada
- ಸ• ನಿ₂ ದ₁ ಮ₁ ಗ₂ ರಿ₁ ಸ
Synthesised with Sa = A3. A real performance uses gamakas, meends and phrasing that a bare scale can't capture.
Notes on the octave
S
C
r
C#
R
D
g
D#
G
E
M
F
M#
F#
P
G
d
G#
D
A
n
A#
N
B
| Swara | Interval from Sa | Western (Sa = C) |
|---|---|---|
| Shadjam | Unison | C |
| Shuddha Rishabham (R1) | Minor 2nd | C# |
| Shatshruti Rishabham (R3) / Sadharana Gandharam (G2) | Minor 3rd | D# |
| Shuddha Madhyamam (M1) | Perfect 4th | F |
| Shuddha Dhaivatam (D1) | Minor 6th | G# |
| Shatshruti Dhaivatam (D3) / Kaishiki Nishadam (N2) | Minor 7th | A# |
Omitted (varjya) swaras: Pa.
Character
Jati (Shadava–Shadava). The ascent uses 6 distinct notes and the descent 6. Audava = 5, Shadava = 6, Sampurna = 7.
Krama (straight) movement. Notes are taken in order going up and coming down.
Parent scale. Melakarta 8 sits in chakra 2 of 12 and uses shuddha madhyamam (M1). Shuddha Todi is a janya (derived) raga, drawing its notes from this parent.
Time (Any time). Not tied to a particular time; often placed by convention at a set point in a concert.
Listen
Each link opens a YouTube or Spotify search for this raga by the instrument or artist.
Vocal
Flute (Venu)
Veena
Violin
Nadaswaram
Why this time of day?
Shuddha Todi is associated with: Any time.
- In Carnatic music, the time of day is a gentle custom rather than a strict rule. Most ragas can be sung at any concert, and the time linked to a raga usually comes from temple rituals and old practice.
- Shuddha Todi has no fixed time and is sung freely in concerts.
Close ragas & how they differ
Ragas that sound most like Shuddha Todi, and how to tell them apart.
JanatodiOne note apart
- Janatodi uses Panchamam, which Shuddha Todi avoids.
NagavaraliOne note apart
- Nagavarali uses Panchamam, which Shuddha Todi avoids.
TodiOne note apart
- Todi uses Panchamam, which Shuddha Todi avoids.
- They belong to different times: Shuddha Todi is sung in the any time, Todi in the morning.
- Mood: Shuddha Todi leans varied, Todi leans karuna, bhakti.
HindolamOne note apart
- Shuddha Todi uses Shuddha Rishabham (R1), which Hindolam does not.
- They belong to different times: Shuddha Todi is sung in the any time, Hindolam in the night.
- Mood: Shuddha Todi leans varied, Hindolam leans shanta, vira.
ChitthakarshaniOne note apart
- Shuddha Todi uses Shatshruti Dhaivatam (D3), which Chitthakarshani does not.
Linked ragas & variants
Ragas from the same family or named after Shuddha Todi, such as Yaman and Yaman Kalyan. They are related but each has its own rules.
Other ragas from 8 Hanumatodi
Todi · CarnaticAsaveri · CarnaticPunnagavarali · CarnaticJanatodi · CarnaticAhiri · CarnaticAmrita Dhanyasi · CarnaticBhanuchandrika · CarnaticBhadratodi · CarnaticChandrikatodi · CarnaticDeshikatodi · CarnaticDhanyasi · CarnaticDivyamalati · CarnaticGhanta · CarnaticKalasaveri · CarnaticKanakasaveri · CarnaticNagavarali · CarnaticPrabhupriya · CarnaticPunnagatodi · CarnaticShravanamallika · CarnaticSowjanya · CarnaticShuddha Seemantini · CarnaticSwarnamalli · Carnatic
Film songs in this raga
Bollywood (Hindi)
No well-known Hindi film song is confidently attributed to this raga yet.
Other Indian films (Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi)
No regional film song is confidently attributed to this raga yet.
Top Bollywood songTop Tamil songTop Telugu songTop Malayalam songTop Kannada songTop Bengali songTop Marathi song
Film songs often take liberties with a raga, so treat these as "based on" rather than strict renditions.
Discussion
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Notation: Hindustani komal notes are lowercase (r g d n), M# = tivra Ma, ' = upper octave. Carnatic numbers mark swara variants (R1, G3, …).