KedaragowlaSame notes
- Both use exactly the same notes, so the difference lies in how they move and which notes they dwell on.
- Mood: Surati leans mangala, Kedaragowla leans bhakti.
Carnatic raga
Surati
Auspicious closing raga.
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- Melakarta
- 28 Harikambhoji (janya)
- Jati
- Audava–Sampurna
- Notes
- 7 of 12
- Movement
- Vakra (zig-zag)
- Time
- Evening
- Rasa
- Mangala
Your guide to Surati
New to classical music — moods, stories, film songs and simple listening.
Start listening
Press play to hear the notes of Surati, rising then falling.
Its mood
Mangala. Traditionally heard at evening.
Film songs you may know ↓New to classical music?
Surati, explained simply
Think of a raga as more than a scale: a set of rules and a personality. Surati has its own notes, its own favourite phrases, its own time of day and its own mood, the way a person has a recognisable voice and way of talking.
How it feels
Surati sounds mostly bright, with a few shadowed notes that add a bittersweet tint. Its emotional colour is celebration and good fortune, a happy blessing. Traditionally it is traditionally performed in the evening, because Indian musicians believe each raga matches the feeling of a certain hour or season.
How to recognise it
- The melody goes up with 5 notes but comes down with 7, so the climb and the descent sound noticeably different.
- The melody zig-zags instead of climbing straight up a ladder. It takes little turns and steps back before moving on, which gives it a winding, conversational shape.
- Hum the scale along with the play button above a few times. Once the shape of those notes is in your ear, you'll start spotting it in songs and concerts.
Its beauty
Auspicious closing raga. The beauty of Surati comes from patience: a good performer doesn't rush through the scale but lingers, bending into notes and letting each phrase breathe, so the mood builds slowly until it fills the room.
What makes it different
- Kambhoji, Sahana, Harikambhoji use the very same notes. Ragas aren't just scales: the difference lies in which notes are stressed, which phrases are used and how the melody moves. That's why two ragas built from the same notes can feel completely different.
- Across the North–South divide, Khambavati (Hindustani) and Champakali (Hindustani) uses the same notes. Listening to both side by side shows how the two traditions shape the same material differently.
- In Carnatic music, notes are rarely held still. They wobble, slide and bend (called gamakas), and those shakes are as much a part of the raga's identity as the notes themselves.
Listening exercise: Try this: press "Full scale" above, then open one of the recordings below. In the first few minutes, see if you can hear the melody circling back to Sa. Once you catch it, you've started to recognise Surati.
History & evolution
Surati is a janya (derived) raga, drawing its notes from its parent melakarta. Janya ragas often existed long before the melakarta system and were later fitted into it.
The Carnatic Trinity of the 18th–19th centuries (Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri) gave lasting shape to most popular ragas through their compositions. Their kritis remain the standard reference for how each raga should move.
Looking for more history…
Scale
Arohana (ascent) · 5 notes
S R2 M1 P N2 S'
- Devanagari
- स रि₂ म₁ प नि₂ स•
- Tamil
- ஸ ரி₂ ம₁ ப நி₂ ஸ•
- Telugu
- స రి₂ మ₁ ప ని₂ స•
- Kannada
- ಸ ರಿ₂ ಮ₁ ಪ ನಿ₂ ಸ•
Avarohana (descent) · 7 notes
S' N2 D2 P M1 G3 P M1 R2 S
- Devanagari
- स• नि₂ ध₂ प म₁ ग₃ प म₁ रि₂ स
- Tamil
- ஸ• நி₂ த₂ ப ம₁ க₃ ப ம₁ ரி₂ ஸ
- Telugu
- స• ని₂ ద₂ ప మ₁ గ₃ ప మ₁ రి₂ స
- Kannada
- ಸ• ನಿ₂ ದ₂ ಪ ಮ₁ ಗ₃ ಪ ಮ₁ ರಿ₂ ಸ
Synthesised with Sa = A3. A real performance uses gamakas, meends and phrasing that a bare scale can't capture.
Notes on the octave
S
C
r
C#
R
D
g
D#
G
E
M
F
M#
F#
P
G
d
G#
D
A
n
A#
N
B
| Swara | Interval from Sa | Western (Sa = C) |
|---|---|---|
| Shadjam | Unison | C |
| Chatushruti Rishabham (R2) / Shuddha Gandharam (G1) | Major 2nd | D |
| Antara Gandharam (G3) | Major 3rd | E |
| Shuddha Madhyamam (M1) | Perfect 4th | F |
| Panchamam | Perfect 5th | G |
| Chatushruti Dhaivatam (D2) / Shuddha Nishadam (N1) | Major 6th | A |
| Shatshruti Dhaivatam (D3) / Kaishiki Nishadam (N2) | Minor 7th | A# |
Character
Jati (Audava–Sampurna). The ascent uses 5 distinct notes and the descent 7. Audava = 5, Shadava = 6, Sampurna = 7.
Vakra (zig-zag) movement. The scale doubles back on itself, so phrases have to follow its characteristic turns, not run straight up or down.
Parent scale. Melakarta 28 sits in chakra 5 of 12 and uses shuddha madhyamam (M1). Surati is a janya (derived) raga, drawing its notes from this parent.
Time (Evening). Sung at twilight or evening (roughly 4–9 PM), when sandhi-prakash and Kalyan-family ragas are favoured.
Mangala
Auspiciousness, often used to close concerts.
Listen
Each link opens a YouTube or Spotify search for this raga by the instrument or artist.
Vocal
Flute (Venu)
Veena
Violin
Nadaswaram
Same notes in Hindustani music
These ragas use exactly the same notes, though their phrasing and ornaments differ.
Ragas with the same notes
Same notes, but a different character because of emphasis, movement and phrasing.
Kambhoji · CarnaticSahana · CarnaticHarikambhoji · CarnaticKamas · CarnaticKedaragowla · CarnaticNattaikurinji · CarnaticYadukula Kambhoji · CarnaticNatakurinji · CarnaticHarikedaragowla · CarnaticAparoopam · CarnaticBalahamsa · CarnaticChayalagakhamas · CarnaticChayatarangini · CarnaticDasharatipriya · CarnaticDayaranjani · CarnaticDeshakshi · CarnaticDwaithachintamani · CarnaticEeshamanohari · CarnaticGandharalola · CarnaticGavati {Hindustani} · CarnaticGuharanjani · CarnaticHamsaroopini · CarnaticHarikedaram · CarnaticHarithapriya · CarnaticHemasaranga · CarnaticJayarama · CarnaticJhinjoti · CarnaticKapi Narayani · CarnaticKarnataka Behag · CarnaticKeshavapriya · CarnaticKokiladhwani · CarnaticKokilavarali · CarnaticMalavi · CarnaticMahuri · CarnaticManjupriya · CarnaticNarayanagowla · CarnaticNattai Narayani · CarnaticNavarasa Kalanidhi · CarnaticNavarasa kannada · CarnaticParsi · CarnaticPoornakambhoji · CarnaticPravalajyoti · CarnaticSaraswathi Manohari · CarnaticShenchukambhoji · CarnaticChenjurutti · CarnaticSurutti · CarnaticSimhavikrama · CarnaticSindhu Kannada · CarnaticSindhu Surutti · CarnaticSuddha Khamas · CarnaticSuddha Varali · CarnaticSuddhatarangini · CarnaticSwaravali · CarnaticUmabharanam · CarnaticVivardhani · CarnaticSenjurutti · Carnatic
Why this time of day?
Surati is associated with: Evening.
- In Carnatic music, the time of day is a gentle custom rather than a strict rule. Most ragas can be sung at any concert, and the time linked to a raga usually comes from temple rituals and old practice.
- Surati is linked with the evening, when temple lamps are lit and concerts traditionally begin.
Close ragas & how they differ
Ragas that sound most like Surati, and how to tell them apart.
Navarasa KalanidhiSame notes
- Both use exactly the same notes, so the difference lies in how they move and which notes they dwell on.
- They belong to different times: Surati is sung in the evening, Navarasa Kalanidhi in the any time.
- Mood: Surati leans mangala, Navarasa Kalanidhi leans varied.
Sindhu SuruttiSame notes
- Both use exactly the same notes, so the difference lies in how they move and which notes they dwell on.
- They belong to different times: Surati is sung in the evening, Sindhu Surutti in the any time.
- Mood: Surati leans mangala, Sindhu Surutti leans varied.
ChayataranginiSame notes
- Both use exactly the same notes, so the difference lies in how they move and which notes they dwell on.
- Going up: Surati climbs S R2 M1 P N2 S', while Chayatarangini climbs S R2 M1 G3 M1 P N2 S'.
- They belong to different times: Surati is sung in the evening, Chayatarangini in the any time.
- Mood: Surati leans mangala, Chayatarangini leans varied.
Gavati {Hindustani}Same notes
- Both use exactly the same notes, so the difference lies in how they move and which notes they dwell on.
- Going up: Surati climbs S R2 M1 P N2 S', while Gavati {Hindustani} climbs S M1 P N2 S'.
- They belong to different times: Surati is sung in the evening, Gavati {Hindustani} in the any time.
- Mood: Surati leans mangala, Gavati {Hindustani} leans varied.
Kapi NarayaniSame notes
- Both use exactly the same notes, so the difference lies in how they move and which notes they dwell on.
- Going up: Surati climbs S R2 M1 P N2 S', while Kapi Narayani climbs S R2 M1 P D2 N2 S'.
- They belong to different times: Surati is sung in the evening, Kapi Narayani in the any time.
- Mood: Surati leans mangala, Kapi Narayani leans varied.
Other ragas from 28 Harikambhoji
Mohanam · CarnaticKambhoji · CarnaticSahana · CarnaticHarikambhoji · CarnaticDwijavanti · CarnaticKamas · CarnaticKedaragowla · CarnaticKuntalavarali · CarnaticNattaikurinji · CarnaticSama · CarnaticValaji · CarnaticYadukula Kambhoji · CarnaticNatakurinji · CarnaticHarikedaragowla · CarnaticAmbhojini · CarnaticAndhali · CarnaticAparoopam · CarnaticBalahamsa · CarnaticBahudari · CarnaticChayalagakhamas · CarnaticChayatarangini · CarnaticChandrahasitham · CarnaticDasharatipriya · CarnaticDayaranjani · Carnatic
Film songs in this raga
Bollywood (Hindi)
No well-known Hindi film song is confidently attributed to this raga yet.
Other Indian films (Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi)
No regional film song is confidently attributed to this raga yet.
Top Bollywood songTop Tamil songTop Telugu songTop Malayalam songTop Kannada songTop Bengali songTop Marathi song
Film songs often take liberties with a raga, so treat these as "based on" rather than strict renditions.
Discussion
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Notation: Hindustani komal notes are lowercase (r g d n), M# = tivra Ma, ' = upper octave. Carnatic numbers mark swara variants (R1, G3, …).