Hindustani raga
Old raga with bold R G M phrases; gives its name to Nat Bhairav, Nat Malhar and others.
Your guide to Nat
New to classical music — moods, stories, film songs and simple listening.
Press play to hear the notes of Nat, rising then falling.
Veera. Traditionally heard at night.
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Think of a raga as more than a scale: a set of rules and a personality. Nat has its own notes, its own favourite phrases, its own time of day and its own mood, the way a person has a recognisable voice and way of talking.
Nat sounds bright, open and sunny, close to the familiar Western major scale (do-re-mi). Its emotional colour is courage and strength, bold and confident. Traditionally it is traditionally performed in the night, because Indian musicians believe each raga matches the feeling of a certain hour or season.
Old raga with bold R G M phrases; gives its name to Nat Bhairav, Nat Malhar and others. The beauty of Nat comes from patience: a good performer doesn't rush through the scale but lingers, bending into notes and letting each phrase breathe, so the mood builds slowly until it fills the room.
Listening exercise: Try this: press "Full scale" above, then open one of the recordings below. In the first few minutes, see if you can hear the melody circling back to Sa. Once you catch it, you've started to recognise Nat.
Hindustani ragas mostly developed through oral tradition, passed guru to disciple. Medieval treatises such as Sangita Ratnakara (13th c.) and the later Raga-Ragini systems grouped them into 'families'.
In the early 20th century, V. N. Bhatkhande organised Hindustani ragas into ten thaats (parent scales). Nat is classified under Bilawal thaat. The thaat is a modern classification, not necessarily the raga's historical origin.
Each gharana (school) interprets ragas slightly differently, so a raga's phrasing has kept evolving through the 19th and 20th centuries, and further through recordings and radio.
Looking for more history…
Arohana (ascent) · 7 notes
S R G M P D N S'
Avarohana (descent) · 7 notes
S' N D P M G M R S
Synthesised with Sa = A3. A real performance uses gamakas, meends and phrasing that a bare scale can't capture.
| Swara | Interval from Sa | Western (Sa = C) |
|---|---|---|
| Sa | Unison | C |
| Shuddh Re | Major 2nd | D |
| Shuddh Ga | Major 3rd | E |
| Shuddh Ma | Perfect 4th | F |
| Pa | Perfect 5th | G |
| Shuddh Dha | Major 6th | A |
| Shuddh Ni | Major 7th | B |
Jati (Sampurna–Sampurna). The ascent uses 7 distinct notes and the descent 7. Audava = 5, Shadava = 6, Sampurna = 7.
Vakra (zig-zag) movement. The scale doubles back on itself, so phrases have to follow its characteristic turns, not run straight up or down.
Parent scale. Bilawal thaat: All shuddh notes. Equivalent to the Western major scale and Carnatic Shankarabharanam.
Time (Night). Sung during the night prahars (roughly 9 PM–3 AM). Night ragas often stress the upper tetrachord (uttaranga).
Veera
Heroism, courage and vigour.
Each link opens a YouTube or Spotify search for this raga by the instrument or artist.
These ragas use exactly the same notes, though their phrasing and ornaments differ.
Same notes, but a different character because of emphasis, movement and phrasing.
Nat is traditionally sung: Night.
Ragas that sound most like Nat, and how to tell them apart.
Ragas from the same family or named after Nat, such as Yaman and Yaman Kalyan. They are related but each has its own rules.
No well-known Hindi film song is confidently attributed to this raga yet.
No regional film song is confidently attributed to this raga yet.
Film songs often take liberties with a raga, so treat these as "based on" rather than strict renditions.
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Notation: Hindustani komal notes are lowercase (r g d n), M# = tivra Ma, ' = upper octave. Carnatic numbers mark swara variants (R1, G3, …).